Methodology
Every number comes from public Base blockchain data. No paid APIs, accounts or keys.
Data
- Window: blocks 52,355,240–52,657,640, 2026-10-08 22:50 → 2026-10-15 22:50 UTC (7.0 days). We chose a ~7-day sample because free RPCs cap log queries at 1,000 blocks.
- Events: USDC (
0x8335…2913)AuthorizationUsedlogs, the EIP-3009 event every x402 “exact” payment emits. - x402 filter: we keep only
transferWithAuthorizationcalls sent by one of 128 facilitator wallets listed in x402scan's open-source registry (Coinbase CDP, PayAI, Fluxa, Primer, thirdweb and others). Payer, payee and amount are decoded from the calldata. - Facilitators seen: coinbase 421,730, fluxa 1,493, primer 838, daydreams 102, openx402 74, openfacilitator 43, polymer 1.
- Sources: tenderly and publicnode free public Base RPC endpoints. Scripts:
fetch_base.py,fetch_funding.py,analyze_base.py,build_site.py.
Wallet-level screens
A payment counts as real only if it trips none of these flags:
- Self-payment: the payer and payee are the same wallet.
- Circular flow: the payee also paid the payer through x402 in the window (A↔B), or the payment is part of a 3-wallet cycle (A→B→C→A).
- Buyer funded by the merchant: outside x402, the merchant's wallet sent USDC directly to this buyer during the window. This check covers the top 150 merchants by volume.
- Tiny repeated payments: the same buyer paid the same merchant 100 or more times, averaging $0.01 or less.
- Single-buyer merchant: only one wallet paid this merchant in the window.
We base these on TRM Labs and arXiv:2607.12575.
Limits
- This covers Base only. Solana and other chains are not included, so totals are smaller than x402scan's multi-chain 30-day figures.
- It only sees facilitators in the registry. Unlisted facilitators and non-USDC tokens are missed.
- “Same funder” clusters, where many buyers are funded by one outside wallet, are not screened yet. That needs each buyer's full funding history, which costs too many free RPC calls.
- Merchant funding uses direct USDC transfers only. ETH transfers and transfers routed through intermediaries are not checked.
- Passing the screens does not prove a payment was made by an AI agent.